ABSTRACT
The SARS-CoV-2 virus causes a contagious disease known as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). It began spreading globally in 2019 and is still producing pandemics today. Different COVID-19 vaccinations offer protection against this illness. Pfizer-BioNTech and Sinopharm were the two vaccine manufacturers with the highest usage in Iraq. Both vaccines use a different method to activate the immune system. This study seeks to compare the IL-22, IL-37, and IL-38 levels in those who received either the Sinopharm or the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccination. IL-22, IL-37, IL-38 levels have been shown to be upregulated in COVID-19 patients. In this study, IL-22, IL-37, and IL -38 levels were tested in 80 healthy controls and 100 COVID-19 patients 14-21 days after recovery. Additionally, people who received the Sinopharm or Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine (50 each) were monitored 21 days after the first dosage and 21 days after the second dose. In comparison to controls, serum levels were noticeably higher in recovered patients. Except for the first dosage of Pfizer BioNTech, the first and second doses of Sinopharm and Pfizer BioNTech were linked to considerably higher levels of IL-22, IL-37, and IL-38 compared to controls or recovered patients. where IL-22, IL -37, and IL-38 levels did not show significant differences compared to recovered patients. In conclusion, lower IL-37 and IL-38 molecule levels were linked to recovery from COVID-19, although these levels remained considerably greater in recovered patients compared to uninfected controls. Vaccination with Sinopharm or Pfizer-BioNTech confirmed the up-regulating effects of SARS-CoV-2 on IL-22, IL-37, and IL-38 levels.
ABSTRACT
The SARS-CoV-2 virus causes a contagious disease known as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). It began spreading globally in 2019 and is still producing pandemics today. Different COVID-19 vaccinations offer protection against this illness. Pfizer-BioNTech and Sinopharm were the two vaccine manufacturers with the highest usage in Iraq. Both vaccines use a different method to activate the immune system. This study seeks to compare the IL-22, IL-37, and IL-38 levels in those who received either the Sinopharm or the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccination. IL-22, IL-37, IL-38 levels have been shown to be upregulated in COVID-19 patients. In this study, IL-22, IL-37, and IL-38 levels were tested in 80 healthy controls and 100 COVID-19 patients 14-21 days after recovery. Additionally, people who received the Sinopharm or Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine (50 each) were monitored 21 days after the first dosage and 21 days after the second dose. In comparison to controls, serum levels were noticeably higher in recovered patients. Except for the first dosage of Pfizer BioNTech, the first and second doses of Sinopharm and Pfizer BioNTech were linked to considerably higher levels of IL-22, IL-37, and IL-38 compared to controls or recovered patients. where IL-22, IL-37, and IL-38 levels did not show significant differences compared to recovered patients. In conclusion, lower IL-37 and IL-38 molecule levels were linked to recovery from COVID-19, although these levels remained considerably greater in recovered patients compared to uninfected controls. Vaccination with Sinopharm or Pfizer-BioNTech confirmed the up-regulating effects of SARS-CoV-2 on IL-22, IL-37, and IL-38 levels.Copyright © 2023, Codon Publications. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
This minireview is designed to highlight the effects of COVID-19 infection on smokers and the possibility of exposure to the risk of death. Literature and research have been reviewed from the date of the emergence at the end of 2019 until mid-November 2020 and the results examined. Authors used the keywords and research phrases SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, smoker and cigarettes. The minireview revealed the existence of three studies which found that COVID-19 infection leads to more severe cases in current and former smokers, however some studies disagreed. One study showed that smoking was linked negatively with the harmful effects of COVID-19. This evidence may encourage smokers to quit smoking. © 2022 American Institute of Physics Inc.. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
The management protocols in children are mainly governed by symptoms severity and atypical cases. COVID-19 in pediatric group of patients can be asymptomatic. The aim to conduct the study was to assess the benefits and timely management of COVID19 when it is transmitted from the silent carriers like children. The two research questions below were determined. * Whether children are more dangerous than adults in spreading of infection? * How long lasts viral shedding after recovery? We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Cochrane Database of s of Reviews of Effects, as well as foreign literature with English translations. Extra information and data have been collected from Google Scholar and American Society for Microbiology (ASM). No randomized controlled trial studies had been conducted in children with COVID-19 yet. Information on patients' age range, comorbidities, methods of treatment, and effects on mortality, morbidity were extracted. As a conclusion, this study shows that children are less susceptible to COVID-19 disease than adults, also the symptoms are less sever than in adults and with regard to transmission, no evidence suggesting vertical transmission (intrauterine) except one case or through breastfeeding of COVID-19 virus. Finally, children are much immune than any other age group and this immunity is more resistant to COVID-19 as this is explained in details[1]. Copyright © 2021 Scientific Publishers of India. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Aims: This research aimed to investigate the spread of COVID-19 infection among suspected adults in the Iraqi governorates of Thi-Qar and Al-Muthanna and assess the relationship between tobacco smoking, diabetes, and high blood pressure comorbidities, and their association with susceptibility to acquiring the infection with COVID-19. Materials & Methods: This study was carried put on 214 suspected cases of CoV-2, among male and female adults (age ≥ 20 years), during early 2021 until April 2021, how tested for CoV-2 infection by RT-PCR. Plus the IgG/IgM Rapid Test Cassette, along with CoV-2-related symptoms. Information on whether the subjects smoke or suffer from diabetes and high blood pressure has also been supplemented. Findings: According to the results, the age group of 61-80 was the most affected group among the COVID-19 patients by 45%. In addition, the proportion of males infected with COVID-19 was higher across all age groups (64%) than females (36%). A significance difference was observed between the patients concerning age and gender (p<0.05). The percentage of smoker patients versus non-smokers was 47% vs 53%. The proportion of diabetics to nondiabetics was 43 % vs 57 %. As well as the ratio of hypertensive to normotensive COVID-19 patients was 62 % vs 38 %. There was a significant differences between smoker and non-smoker, diabetic and non-diabetic, and hypertensive and non-hypertensive patients in terms of affected by Covid-19 (p<0.05). Conclusion: Age, gender, smoking, diabetes, and hypertension are some risk factors for Coronavirus infection. Gender and age are associated with infection rates and their consequences. Also the likelihood of COVID-19 infection likely to be lowered in half for active smokers. Patients with diabetes and hypertension especially who use ACE2-increasing medications are at a higher risk of developing a severe COVID-19 infection. © 2022, Tarbiat Modares University. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019) caused by novel Corona virus (nCov 2019) virus which was named later as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2) which is a global pandemic. As of 20 October 2020, more than 40 million people have been infected and more than 1.1 million deaths have been reported from COVID-19 worldwide. No evidence-based cure for infection and it is generally recommended to avoid transmission by social distancing, isolation and hygiene steps. In cultures around the world, cigarette smoking is rampant, and tobacco addiction leads to the deaths in more than 8 million people per year. Tobacco smokers are considered a low risk of serious COVID-19 infection due to unknown reasons. However, cross-infection and susceptible hygiene habits helped COVID-19 to cause deaths more than regular infection, as COVID-19 transmits by salivary droplets that lead to extreme lung pneumonia. Exhaled smoke, coughing or sneezing is created by smoking tobacco (cigarettes, e-cigarettes or waterpipe), aerosols usually containing SARS-CoV-2 in the air lead to contaminating different surfaces. Smoking is extremely controversial with regards to COVID-19 infection because most smokers are COVID-19 resistant, and others are susceptible © 2021, Universitatea de Vest Vasile Goldis din Arad. All rights reserved.